121224

這次的上課內容很不一樣
看了1900年的法國人對於2000年的想像
其實他們的想像方向有些是對的
有些卻又太誇張

但是如果是我們現在2012年的人去想想2112年會不會也是如此呢?

121217

對於圖書館員，若是讀者在圖書館裡找不到書，館員該以甚麼樣的態度面對?

這次看了正義：一場思辨之旅

對於麥可桑德爾的正義
我們可以運用在公共圖書館上

121210

2010年10月1日起，英國廢除首相辦公室裡的博物館圖書館與檔案館委員會(The Museums, Libraries and Archives Council Grosvenor House)，將工作移交給基金會形態的英格蘭藝術文化委員會(Arts Council England)取代之，稍早，2010年7月14日，提出10年策略框架 Review of the Arts Council's strategic framework。

提出五個目標：

1. Talent and artistic excellence are thriving and celebrated. 人才與傑出藝術者輩出且出名。
2. More people experience and are inspired by the arts. 更多人體驗藝術，並被藝術啟發。
3. The arts are sustainable, resilient and innovative. 藝術是持久的、彈性的與創意的。
4. The arts leadership and workforce are diverse and highly skilled. 藝術領導與工作力量是多元且極度技術性。
5. Every child and young person has the opportunity to experience the richness of the arts. 每個兒童與年青人有體驗豐盛藝術的機會。
   
   
   公共圖書館的責任
   Public Libraries and Museums Act 1964 [英國公共圖書館與博物館法，1964] 第七條 General duty of library authorities [圖書館的責任]指出：
   

   (1) It shall be the duty of every library authority to provide a comprehensive and efficient library service for all persons desiring to make use thereof, . . . 

   圖書館當局的責任是，為需要的民眾提供完整及有效的圖書館服務 ...

   Provided that although a library authority shall have power to make facilities for the borrowing of books and other materials available to any persons it shall not by virtue of this subsection be under a duty to make such facilities available to persons other than those whose residence or place of work is within the library area of the authority or who are undergoing full-time education within that area.
   把圖書及其他資訊借給在圖書館轄區居住、工作或受教育的民眾。

   (2)In fulfilling its duty under the preceding subsection, a library authority shall in particular have regard to the desirability—

   為了完成前項的責任，圖書館當局必須 － 

   (a)of securing, by the keeping of adequate stocks, by arrangements with other library authorities, and by any other appropriate means, that facilities are available for the borrowing of, or reference to, books and other printed matter, and pictures, gramophone records, films and other materials, sufficient in number, range and quality to meet the general requirements and any special requirements both of adults and children; and
   提供足夠且廣度及深度相當的館藏，與其他圖書館合作，或其他方法，將圖書圖片唱片影片等資料，借給成年人及兒童或供其參考
   
   (b)of encouraging both adults and children to make full use of the library service, and of providing advice as to its use and of making available such bibliographical and other information as may be required by persons using it; and
   鼓勵成年人及兒童使用圖書館服務，提供使用的建議，提供書目及其他資訊
   
   (c)of securing, in relation to any matter concerning the functions both of the library authority as such and any other authority whose functions are exercisable within the library area, that there is full co-operation between the persons engaged in carrying out those functions.
   與圖書館轄區內的其他單位合作，提供圖書館相關的服務

   
   台灣的公共圖書館相對於英國的還有很大的改進空間
   雖然說每個國家都有符合自己國家需求的政策
   但對於公共圖書館來說
   給予讀者最大的享用空間就是最好的政策
   

121203

公共圖書館源起公共圖書館的原始構想是一種慈善事業, 為了個人的理念, 憐憫不識字的同胞, 將自己的館藏公開。公共圖書館-為中產階級所設定現在全世界哪個公共圖書館最符合其標準-北歐圖書館: 丹麥 挪威 瑞典 芬蘭
也希望有一天台灣的公共圖書館也能符合這樣的標準，讓更多的人享用公共圖書館

121105

可能會考的考題

1.何謂「自由文化著作」

2.公共圖書館可分為幾類？

3.請說明公共圖書館的任務

4.請說明我國圖書館員專業倫理守則

5.請說明《世界人權宣言》和公共圖圖書館服務的關係

121029

伏爾泰

伏爾泰(François-Marie Arouet, 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778；以筆名 Voltaire 聞名)，法國啟蒙時代思想家、哲學家、文學家，啟蒙運動公認的領袖和導師。被稱為「法蘭西思想之父」。世人傳頌他的名言：

「我並不同意你的觀點，但是我誓死捍衛你說話的權利。

Je ne suis pas d'accord avec ce que vous dites, mais je me battrai jusqu'à la mort pour que vous ayez le droit de le dire. 

I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.」

這是一種言論自由

121022

為了確保這樣的生態環境能順暢地運作，著作的「作者權」應該是自由的，包括：

• 自由使用著作的權利，並且享用得到的利益;
• 自由研析著作的權利，並且應用獲得的知識;
• 自由製作與散布複製品的權利，著作的全體或部份、資訊或表述;
• 自由更改與改進的權利，並且散布衍生著作。
  
  

  基本的自由權利

  無保留地授予下列自由的授權，才被是符合本定義的「自由」：
  • 使用及表演著作的自由：必須允許被授權人私下或公開任意使用著作，在條件適用的情況下，包括表演或解析著作等衍生使用(相關使用)自由，不受政治及宗教的影響。
  • 研析著作與應用資訊的自由：必須允許被授權人檢視著作與使用獲得的知識，授權不可限制「逆向工程」之類的情事。
  • 再散布複本的自由：把複本置於較大著作內、收錄在合集之內或單獨出售、交換或贈送，都含在授權之內。不能限制複本的數量、複製者及發送地點。
  • 散布衍生著作的自由：為了讓每個人都有改進著作的機會，不論其意圖與目的為何，都不能限制散布修訂版(或，衍生自原著的類比著作)的自由。即使有些限制，也僅限於保護這些基本的自由權利或姓名標示權(見下文)。

121015

自由軟體

1.不論目的為何，有使用該軟體的自由（自由之零）。

2.有研究該軟體如何運作的自由，並且得以改寫該軟體來符合使用者自身的需求（自由之一）。取得該軟體之源碼為達成此目的之前提。

3.有重新散佈該軟體的自由，所以每個人都可以藉由散佈自由軟體來敦親睦鄰（自由之二）。

4.有改善再利用該軟體的自由，並且可以發表改寫版供公眾使用，如此一來，整個社群都可以受惠。如前項，取得該軟體之源碼為達成此目的之前提（自由之三）。

Freedom 0: The freedom to run the program for any purpose.

Freedom 1: The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish.

Freedom 2: The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.

Freedom 3: The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits.



美國圖書館學會及美國出版學會自1953 年即有「閱讀自由」(The Freedom to Read Statement)宣言一文，並歷經1972 年、1991 年、2000 年、2004 年等次的修訂，此宣言中主要有下列七點：

1. 出版社及圖書館應確保社會大眾能看到多元的觀點與見解，包括非正統及非主流的思想。
2. 出版社、圖書館及書商不需要為它們所提供的資料的每一個觀點或見解背書。因為那將與民眾會自己建立自己的政治、道德或美學觀衝突。
3. 出版社或圖書館不應阻止民眾讀取（Access）和某作者個人歷史或政治背景相關的著作。
4. 我們的社會不應強制他人的品味，如限制青少年去探索社會的多樣性，限制作者去表達生命的各種面貌。
5. 社會不應強迫讀者接受有預先評判或已貼標籤的見解，而應由民眾靠自己的智慧做判斷。
6. 出版社及圖書館員是民眾自由閱讀權的維護者，應與任何侵害此權的個人或團體對抗。
7. 出版社及圖書館有責任，以提供各種書籍加強觀點及見解的多樣性，來維護閱讀自由。

121001

公共圖書館的功能--教育、文化、資訊、休閒

Missions of the Public Library

The following key missions which relate to information, literacy, education and culture should be at the core of public library services:

1. creating and strengthening reading habits in children from an early age;
2. supporting both individual and self conducted education as well as formal education at all levels;
3. providing opportunities for personal creative development;
4. stimulating the imagination and creativity of children and young people;
5. promoting awareness of cultural heritage, appreciation of the arts, scientific achievements and innovations;
6. providing access to cultural expressions of all performing arts;
7. fostering inter-cultural dialogue and favouring cultural diversity;
8. supporting the oral tradition;
9. ensuring access for citizens to all sorts of community information;
10. providing adequate information services to local enterprises, associations and interest groups;
11. facilitating the development of information and computer literacy skills;
12. supporting and participating in literacy activities and programmes for all age groups, and initiating such activities if necessary.

以下這些任務與資訊、識字、教育及文化有關, 應該做為公共圖書館服務的核心:

1.   從小強化兒童的閱讀習慣。

2.   支援各種層級的正規教育及自我進修。

3.   提供個人開創發展的機會。

4.   刺激兒童及青少年的想像力及創造力。

5.   促進對文化遺產的重視、對藝術的欣賞、對科學成就及發明的尊重。

6.   讓表演藝術有演出的機會。

7.   嘗試各種文化, 欣賞其間的差異。

8.   贊助口語傳統。

9.   確保居民能夠接觸各種社區資訊。

10.     對地方性的企業、協會及成長團體提供適當的資訊服務。

11.     助長資訊及電腦技能的發展。

12.     贊助及參與各種年齡層的掃除文盲活動, 必要時, 可以主動發起這類活動。

120924

把公共還給圖書館
與史上最溫暖的圖書館



史上最溫暖的圖書館讓人看了就很感動
公共圖書館本來就是人人都能使用的
那怕是學歷再低的人甚至是文盲
能夠進圖書館看書
應該就是世界上最幸福的事了吧

120229上課筆記

120222上課內容+心得

● AACR2規範了10種類型：圖書&善本圖書&拓片、連續性資源、地圖資料、樂譜、錄音資料、電影片及錄影資料、靜畫資料、立體資料、微縮資料、電子資源

General Rules for Description

Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets

Cartographic Materials

Manuscripts (Including Manuscript Collections)

Music

Sound Recordings

Motion Pictures and Videorecordings

Graphic Materials

Electronic Resources

Three-Dimensional Artefacts and Realia

Microforms

● 目錄的檢索項有哪些？

4種

Headings for Persons

Geographic Names

Headings for Corporate Bodies

Uniform Titles

● Main and Added Entries主要款目和附加款目

Main entry.目錄最完整，書目資料最完整，可以做來引用。

The complete catalogue record of an item, presented in the form by which the entity is to be uniformly identified and cited. The main entry may include the tracing(s)(追尋項) (q.v.).See also Added entry.

Added entry.次要的，圖書館員的定義，對使用者沒有分別。

An entry, additional to the main entry, by which an item is represented in a catalogue(目錄); a secondary entry. See also Main entry.

● 何謂個人作者？

A personal author is the person chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual

or artistic content of a work. For particular applications of this definition, see subsequent rules in this chapter. For persons who function solely as performers on sound recordings.
● 何謂團體作者？
(一)團體
(二)作品
(三)本身的性質a.b.c.d.e.f
Entry Under Corporate Body團體作者
A corporate body is an organization or a group of persons that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as an entity. Consider a corporate body to have a name if the words referring to it are a specific appellation rather than a general description. Consider a body to have a name if, in a script and language using capital letters for proper names, the initial letters of the words referring to it are consistently capitalized, and/or if, in a language using articles, the words are always associated with a definite article. Typical examples of corporate bodies are associations, institutions, business firms, nonprofitenterprises, governments, government agencies, projects and programmes, religious bodies, local church groups identified by the name of the church, and conferences.

Some corporate bodies are subordinate to other bodies (e.g., the Peabody Museum of Natural History is subordinate to Yale University; the Annual General Meeting is subordinate to the Canadian Library Association).

Consider ad hoc events (such as athletic contests, exhibitions, expeditions, fairs, and festivals) and vessels (e.g., ships and spacecraft) to be corporate bodies.
General rule. Enter a work emanating 2 from one or more corporate bodies under the heading for the appropriate corporate body (see 21.4B , 21.5B ) if it falls into one or more of the following categories:

a)

 those of an administrative nature dealing with the corporate body itself
 or its internal policies, procedures, finances, and/or operations
 or its officers, staff, and/or membership (e.g., directories)
 or its resources (e.g., catalogues, inventories)

b)

some legal, governmental, and religious works of the following types:

laws (see 21.31 )

decrees of the chief executive that have the force of law (see 21.31 )

administrative regulations (see 21.32 )

constitutions (see 21.33 )

court rules (see 21.34 )

treaties, etc. (see 21.35 )

court decisions (see 21.36 )

legislative hearings

religious laws (e.g., canon law)

liturgical works (see 21.39 )

c)

those that record the collective thought of the body (e.g., reports of commissions, committees, etc.; official statements of position on external policies)

d)

those that report the collective activity of a conference (e.g., proceedings, collected papers), of an expedition (e.g., results of exploration, investigation), or of an event (e.g., an exhibition, fair, festival) falling within the definition of a corporate body (see 21.1B1 ), provided that the conference, expedition, or event is named in the item being catalogued

e)

those that result from the collective activity of a performing group as a whole where the responsibility of the group goes beyond that of mere performance, execution, etc. Publications resulting from such activity include sound recordings, films, video recordings, and written records of performances. (For corporate bodies that function solely as performers on sound recordings, see 21.23 .)

f)

cartographic materials emanating from a corporate body other than a body that is merely responsible for their publication or distribution.

● 甚麼情況之下以正題名或劃一提名為主要款目？a,b,c,d
Entry under Title

 Enter a work under its title proper or, when appropriate, uniform title (see chapter 25 ) if:

a)

the personal authorship is unknown (see 21.5 ) or diffuse (see 21.6C2 ), and the work does not emanate(源出於) from a corporate body

or

b)

it is a collection of works(集叢) by different persons or bodies (see 21.7 )

or

c)

it emanates from a corporate body but does not fall into any of the categories given in 21.1B2 and is not of personal authorship

or

d)

it is accepted as sacred scripture by a religious group(宗教經典) (see 21.37 ).

心得：這次上課的內容都是英文的，雖然看起來有點吃力，但是遇到不認識的字查了單字後，又會學到更多了!!!